1. Relational Integrity & 3NF Normalization
Proper database normalization (Third Normal Form or 3NF) eliminates data redundancy and prevents orphaned records through strict foreign key constraints and cascade rules.
Key Takeaway: Normalized relational schemas ensure data consistency and prevent ledger corruption.
2. Strategic Indexing: B-Tree, GIN, and Partial Indexes
Indexing is the difference between a 2-millisecond query and a 5-second database freeze. Use composite B-Tree indexes for multi-column lookups (e.g. `pincode` + `bankId`), GIN indexes for JSONB search, and partial indexes for active records.